Three years after Luxembourg declared all public transport free in a bid to clear its roads of jams and to reduce pollution, the car is still king of the congested Grand Duchy.
Traffic permitting, it is less than an hour drive from Weiswampach in the far north of Luxembourg near the German and Belgian borders to Dudelange in the south, next door to France.
The wealthy country of just 650,000 people appeared to be the perfect place to make public transport free nationwide on trains, trams and buses.
Despite its lack of long-distance highways, Luxembourg has one of the highest rates of car ownership in Europe, with only Poland exceeding its rate of 681 vehicles per 1,000 residents.
Cross-border workers bring in tens of thousands of vehicles each day as commuters head to jobs in Luxembourg, and long-distance drivers pass by to fill their tanks in a country with low fuel taxes.
I often say that Germans build cars and Luxembourgers buy them, joked Deputy Prime Minister Francois Bausch, who is responsible for mobility and public works.
Three years after ticket offices closed, there is no sign that Luxembourg has ditched the automobile for tram, even if Bausch sees a thinning of traffic in the capital.
Mobility expert Merlin Gillard, of the LISER research institute, told AFP that car culture is very dominant and it remains pretty difficult to attract motorists onboard public transport.
Luxembourg is attempting to transform itself into a carbon neutral economy by adopting green technologies in transport, energy, factories and farms, along with the rest of the European Union.
Prime Minister Xavier Bettel's government is a coalition of liberals, socialists and greens, and it has invested around 800 million US $872 million a year in public transport.
The duchy has the highest-funded tram network in Europe, costing €500 per person a year.
Luxembourg is coming from far behind, but it is the country that invests the most in Europe, Gillard acknowledged. We're making up for investment that has been very weak for years.