Mpox Outbreak Spreads, New Strain Detected in Thailand
The mpox outbreak continues to spread globally, with a new mutated strain detected in Thailand. The patient, a European male who arrived in Bangkok from Africa, tested positive for clade Ib, a new offshoot of the clade I virus. Authorities are monitoring 43 close contacts.
The WHO declared the outbreak a global public health emergency last week, following reports of cases in several countries. Clade Ib, first reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2023, is spreading through close contact. Scientists are studying its properties.
This new variant is more challenging to detect as it primarily affects the genitals, unlike earlier cases.
Africa Faces Mpox Outbreak with Virulent Strain
Africa is experiencing a significant mpox outbreak, with 14 countries reporting 14,000 cases and 524 deaths. The outbreak is caused by the more virulent Clade Ib strain, which has a 3.6% mortality rate, with children being particularly vulnerable. Pakistan has also reported a dozen mpox cases.
During the first half of 2024, the African Region reported 1,854 confirmed mpox cases, representing 36% of global cases. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) accounts for 95% of these confirmed cases, experiencing a surge with over 15,000 clinically compatible cases and 500 deaths, surpassing the 2023 figures.
Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention
Mpox is a viral infection primarily affecting humans and animals. It typically begins with flu-like symptoms followed by pus-filled lesions. The infection can last for 2 to 4 weeks.
Transmission occurs through contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated materials. Preventive measures include avoiding sexual contact with unfamiliar individuals, close contact with those exhibiting rashes, frequent hand washing, and not sharing personal items.
Mpox Virus Classification and Treatment
The monkeypox virus is classified into clades I and II. Clade I is endemic to Central Africa, while clade II is further divided into subclades.
The current mpox surge in the DRC is driven by outbreaks associated with two subclades of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) – clade Ia and clade Ib. Clade I mpox had a mortality rate of approximately 10%, with children being most at risk.
Currently, there is no specific treatment approved for mpox virus infections. However, most individuals with mpox and intact immune systems who do not have skin disease can recover without medical intervention, relying on supportive care and pain management.
If infected with mpox, individuals should isolate at home in a separate room from family and pets until the rash and scabs heal. In severe cases, healthcare providers may prescribe antiviral drugs like cidofovir or tecovirimat. These drugs are approved for treating other viral infections, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness against mpox.