Mpox Outbreak Spreads, New Strain Detected in Thailand
The mpox virus continues to spread globally, with a new mutated strain detected in Thailand. This comes after the WHO declared the outbreak in Africa a global health emergency.
The infected individual, a European male who arrived in Bangkok from Africa, tested positive for the clade Ib strain. Authorities are monitoring 43 close contacts.
Clade Ib is a new offshoot of the clade I virus, first reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2023. It spreads through close contact, and scientists are studying its properties. This new variant is also more challenging to detect as it targets the genitals instead of the hands or chest, as seen in earlier cases.
The current mpox outbreak in Africa has affected 14 countries, with over 14,000 cases and 524 deaths. This outbreak is caused by the more virulent Clade Ib strain, which has a 3.6% mortality rate, with children being particularly vulnerable. Pakistan has also reported a dozen mpox cases, four of which have been confirmed by laboratory tests.
During the first half of 2024, the African Region reported 1,854 confirmed mpox cases, representing 36% of global cases. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) accounts for 95% of these confirmed cases, experiencing a surge with over 15,000 clinically compatible cases and 500 deaths, exceeding the 2023 figures.
Mpox is a viral infection primarily affecting humans and animals. It typically begins with flu-like symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue, followed by pus-filled lesions. The infection can last for 2 to 4 weeks.
Transmission occurs through contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated materials. Prevention measures include avoiding sexual contact with unfamiliar individuals, close contact with those exhibiting rashes, vesicles, or pustules, frequent hand washing, and not sharing personal items.
If infected with mpox, isolation at home in a separate room from family and pets is recommended until the rash and scabs heal. In severe cases, healthcare providers may prescribe antiviral drugs like cidofovir or tecovirimat. These drugs are approved for other viral infections (like smallpox), but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness against mpox.