Colorectal cancer, also known as bowel cancer, originates in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It develops from abnormal cell growth that forms tumors, which can invade nearby tissues and spread if left untreated.
Risk factors for colorectal cancer include obesity, alcohol use, smoking, family history, urbanization, and Western lifestyles characterized by sedentary behavior and processed food consumption. Dietary habits with high intake of red and processed meats and low intake of fiber, fruits, and vegetables also increase the risk.
Regular screening is crucial for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Adults over 45 should undergo regular screening, as recommended by international health organizations. Individuals aged 76 to 85 should consult with their doctor about the benefits of continued screening.
Early stages of colorectal cancer often present with few or no symptoms. However, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience changes in bowel habits, stool consistency or caliber, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, weakness, fatigue, iron deficiency anemia, sensation of incomplete bowel emptying, changes in bowel frequency, or stools that are narrower than usual.
To reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, adopt a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting red and processed meats. Ensure adequate fiber intake from whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Engage in regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight, limit alcohol consumption, and quit smoking. Follow recommended screening guidelines and be aware of your family history, as it may impact screening recommendations.