A Comprehensive Guide
Australia has the highest rate of food allergies in the world, with one in ten babies developing allergies to common foods like peanuts, eggs, and milk by their first birthday. While the exact cause of this rapid rise remains unknown, ongoing research and clinical trials offer promising solutions.
New Guidelines for Introducing Allergens
Previously, parents were advised to avoid allergenic foods. However, recent research has shown that delaying the introduction of these foods can actually increase the risk of developing allergies. In 2016, the Infant Feeding and Allergy Prevention Guidelines were updated to recommend introducing common allergens in the first year of life, starting around six months but not before four months.
Common Allergens and Introduction Tips
The most common food allergens in Australia include eggs, cow's milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and tree nuts. It's important to introduce these allergens one at a time to identify potential problems. If there's no reaction, continue serving them at least twice a week to decrease the likelihood of developing a long-term allergy.
Recognizing and Managing Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions usually occur within minutes but can take up to two hours. Mild to moderate reactions may include hives, vomiting, or swelling of the face. Severe reactions, or anaphylaxis, involve difficulty breathing, wheezing, and paleness.
If you notice any signs of an allergic reaction, stop feeding the food immediately and seek medical advice. For severe reactions, lay the child flat, call triple-zero, and use an adrenaline injector if available.
Future Outlook and Treatment Options
Most infant egg allergies and 30% of peanut allergies naturally resolve by age six. However, some allergies, particularly to tree nuts and seeds, can be long-lasting. Currently, there is no approved treatment for food allergies in Australia, but innovative clinical trials offer hope.
The Egg-Up Trial, launched in 2023, investigates whether gradually introducing egg at home can help resolve egg allergies in infants. Results are expected in late 2025.
Introduce common allergens in the first year of life, starting around six months.
Introduce allergens one at a time and continue serving them regularly.
Watch for signs of allergic reactions and seek medical advice if needed.
Be aware that some allergies may resolve naturally, while others may require ongoing management.
By following these guidelines and staying informed about the latest research, parents can help reduce their child's risk of developing food allergies and manage them effectively.