Japan Unveils Hydrogen Hybrid Train, Hybari
On February 28th, 2023, East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) showcased its first hydrogen hybrid train, Hybari, to the media on the JR Tsurumi Line in Kanagawa Prefecture. This innovative train, powered by electricity generated from hydrogen, represents a significant step towards decarbonizing Japan's railroads. JR East aims to commercialize Hybari by fiscal 2030.
Hybari boasts a unique design, featuring a fuel cell that generates electricity through a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The train also incorporates storage batteries for additional power. This hybrid system was developed in collaboration with Toyota Motor Corp., known for its Mirai fuel cell vehicle, and Hitachi, a leading provider of storage batteries.
JR East has been diligently testing Hybari since March 2022. During a recent test run between Tsurumi and Ogimachi stations, media witnessed the train's capabilities firsthand. Notably, the two-car Hybari replaces traditional pantographs with a hydrogen tank on its roof, boasting a capacity of approximately 1,000 liters.
Inside the train, a monitor displays real-time information about the power source, indicating whether the fuel cell or battery is powering the motors and lighting based on acceleration and deceleration. This transparency highlights the train's efficient energy management system.
JR East's commitment to sustainability extends beyond Hybari. The company operates 66 conventional railroad lines, 23 of which are non-electrified and rely on diesel trains. Hybari is poised to replace these diesel trains, significantly reducing emissions and contributing to a cleaner environment.
However, challenges remain. Currently, Hybari's range is limited to 140 kilometers. JR East is actively working to extend this range, aiming for a substantial increase in the future.
Meanwhile, Central Japan Railway Co. (JR Tokai) is pursuing a different approach to railcar decarbonization. They are developing trains with hydrogen engines that directly power the motors, eliminating the need for diesel engines.
The development of hydrogen-powered trains like Hybari marks a significant milestone in Japan's journey towards sustainable transportation. These innovative technologies hold immense potential to revolutionize the railway industry and contribute to a greener future.