The government’s latest energy strategy marks a notable shift from its previous stance on nuclear power. The new plan, formalized at a Cabinet meeting on February 18, outlines a mid- to long-term trajectory that prioritizes nuclear energy alongside a major expansion of renewable sources, aiming to reduce the nation’s carbon footprint significantly. With the development of the “GX 2040 Vision,” the strategy sets ambitious targets to cut emissions while accommodating a projected increase in electricity demand, largely driven by the growth of semiconductor factories and data centers.
The revised policy reveals a departure from earlier hesitance regarding nuclear energy—a shift made evident by removing earlier commitments to minimize reliance on nuclear power, which had been a legacy of the 2011 Fukushima disaster. Instead, the plan now calls for not only a comeback of nuclear energy as a crucial component, but also the proactive rebuilding of existing nuclear plants. In tandem, efforts include attracting industries to locations close to nuclear facilities, intending to create a supportive economic environment while balancing the nation’s energy mix.
Renewable energy also takes center stage, with the government targeting an increase in its contribution to the overall power supply from 22.9 percent in fiscal 2023 to between 40 and 50 percent by fiscal 2040. Innovation in renewable technology is highlighted through initiatives to advance perovskite solar cells and offshore wind power generation. At the same time, the role of thermal power is set to diminish considerably, although it remains part of contingency plans should decarbonization measures such as carbon capture or co-firing with hydrogen and ammonia not fully succeed.
Public input played a significant role in shaping the new plan, as demonstrated by the record 41,000 comments received during the consultation phase. While many critics raised concerns over nuclear safety, particularly in light of unresolved issues at Fukushima, government representatives acknowledged these risks and vowed to clarify why nuclear power remains necessary for meeting future energy demands. Experts across academia continue to debate the balance between technological advancement and safety, questioning whether an increased reliance on nuclear power is the most prudent path forward in an era where the need for clean and secure energy is more pressing than ever.