A recent breakthrough in the treatment of food allergies has emerged with the discovery that omalizumab, an injectable drug currently used for asthma, may also benefit individuals with multiple food allergies. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine revealed that omalizumab can significantly reduce allergic reactions to small amounts of allergens found in nuts, eggs, wheat, and milk.
This discovery has garnered significant attention in Australia, known as the food allergy capital of the world, where approximately 5-10% of children and 2-4% of adults suffer from food allergies. As a result, the National Allergy Centre of Excellence has expressed optimism that omalizumab could offer a safety net for those living with the constant fear of accidental exposure to food allergens.Omalizumab works by binding to and neutralizing immunoglobulin-E (IgE), an antibody that triggers allergic reactions. By reducing IgE levels, omalizumab effectively blocks the activation of immune cells, thereby preventing the onset of allergic symptoms such as hives, swelling, and potentially fatal anaphylaxis.In a clinical trial involving 118 individuals with food allergies, researchers administered omalizumab injections every two to four weeks for four months. At the end of the treatment period, approximately 80% of participants were able to consume a gram of one food they were allergic to without experiencing any adverse reactions. Additionally, almost 70% could eat a gram of two allergens, and 47% could tolerate a gram of three allergens. These findings indicate the potential of omalizumab to significantly reduce the severity and risk of severe allergic reactions even after accidental exposure.Omalizumab's main advantage lies in its ability to protect against multiple food allergies. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who are allergic to more than one food, as accidental exposure to any of these allergens can trigger a life-threatening reaction. Additionally, the drug is most effective for those who are highly sensitive to allergens and may benefit children with elevated IgE antibody levels.Omalizumab requires frequent injections, which can be challenging for children. It is also important to note that the drug does not cure food allergies and individuals must continue avoiding the foods they are allergic to. Furthermore, it is currently not approved for use in managing food allergies in Australia, and the cost of off-label use is substantial.
Researchers emphasize that further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of omalizumab for food allergies. However, this discovery offers hope and potential relief for individuals living with the burden of multiple food allergies.